Refleksi Kultural, Historis, dan Ideologis dalam Novel Godhong Jati Keli ing Kali Oya: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra

Abstract

This study examines the representation of social reality and the social functions of the novel Godhong Jati Keli ing Kali Oya by Budi Sardjono using Ian Watt's sociology of literature approach. Studies on novels set in Gunungkidul appear limited to partial cultural aspects and have not yet fully integrated historical and ideological dimensions. This research seeks to delineate the representation of culture, history, and ideology while also elucidating the novel's social function as a mirror and agent of societal transformation. A descriptive qualitative method with content analysis was employed, supported by written responses from native Gunungkidul residents. The findings suggest that the novel may reflect objective reality across three dimensions: cultural (thiwul, kethoprak, Ki Ageng Donoloyo), historical (Kali Oya, Sokoliman Site, Majapahit), and ideological (work ethic, Pulung Gantung, wong pinter). Furthermore, the novel appears to perform four social functions: identity preservation, moral critique, historical memory reconstruction, and reproduction of adaptive ideological values. The conclusion suggests that the novel may serve as a cultural document as well as an agent shaping the collective consciousness of Javanese society. This research contributes to enriching locality-based literary sociology studies in Indonesia.